Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Modeling Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Subjects and Animal Models to Predict Subtype-Specific Multidrug Treatments for Gulf War Illness

doi: 10.3390/ijms22168546

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human blood cytokine levels in PTSD-based GWI subtypes as compared to HC at rest (T0) and peak exercise during a maximal graded exercise challenge (T1). Individual cytokine values are normalized to the HC values, and bars represent the mean ratios ± SEM for each cytokine. Significance was set at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 as compared to HC. The false discovery rate, as calculated via Storey et al. , was < 0.1 for all significant measures. Values are found in .

Article Snippet: Briefly, serum samples were analyzed using Q-PlexTM Mouse Cytokine Screen (16-plex), Quansys Imager, and Quansys reagents (Quansys Biosciences, Logan, Utah).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Modeling Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Subjects and Animal Models to Predict Subtype-Specific Multidrug Treatments for Gulf War Illness

doi: 10.3390/ijms22168546

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine expression in a long-term mouse model of Gulf War Illness. ( A ) Graphical representation of the animal dosing paradigm. Mice were exposed to corticosterone (CORT; 200 mg/L in 0.6% ethanol) for 4 days at a time every other week for a total of 11 weeks. DFP (4 mg/kg, i.p.) was given on Day 5 and the LPS challenge (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) was given after the final week of CORT. ( B ) Individual serum cytokine values normalized to the water (H2O), saline solution (SL), and SL condition values. Bars represent the mean ratios ± SEM for each cytokine. Significance was set at p < 0.05 compared to H2O SL SL (*), and within challenge groups (&: H2O DFP SL vs. H2O DFP LPS; and #: CORT DFP SL vs. CORT DFP LPS). The false discovery rate, as calculated via Storey et al. , was <0.1 for all significant measures. ( C ) Cytokine mRNA was measured in the frontal cortex ( n = 2–5/group) by qRT-PCR 6 h following exposure to LPS. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for comparisons within challenge group (*: DFP vs. CORT DFP) or across challenge group (#: SL vs. LPS). Values for ( B , C ) are found in , respectively.

Article Snippet: Briefly, serum samples were analyzed using Q-PlexTM Mouse Cytokine Screen (16-plex), Quansys Imager, and Quansys reagents (Quansys Biosciences, Logan, Utah).

Techniques: Expressing, Saline, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: An Anti-Inflammatory Role for Carbon Monoxide and Heme Oxygenase-1 in Chronic Th2-Mediated Murine Colitis

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002433

Figure Lengend Snippet: CO ameliorates Th2-mediated colitis in TCRα−/− mice. TCRα−/− mice were housed in ambient air or a chamber maintaining a constant concentration of CO at 250 ppm (n = 10 each) from 12–16 wk of age. A, CO-exposed mice gained more weight than did air-exposed mice. B, Colitis scores were significantly decreased in CO-exposed mice compared with control mice. Results are presented as the sum total of four averaged scores from five regions of the large intestine graded by a pathologist blinded to the groups using a standard scoring system. Bars represent mean ± SEM of 10 mice/group. C, Spontaneous protein secretion determined in 24-h supernatants from colonic explants from CO-exposed (black bars) and air-exposed (white bars) TCRα−/− mice. Spontaneous IL-10 and IL-4 were measured by cytokine-specific ELISA. D, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-17 secretion were assessed by Linco 16-multiplex cytokine assay. Each result represents the mean ± SEM of triplicate assays. E, Ten-week-old TCRα−/− mice were divided into three groups: exposed to CO (250 ppm; black bar) for 4 wk, exposed to air for 4 wk (white bar), or exposed to CO for 2 wk and then transferred to ambient air housing conditions for 2 wk (gray bar). Spontaneous IL-10 secretion was measured in full-length colonic cell-free supernatants using cytokine-specific IL-10 ELISA. Results represent mean ± SEM from three experiments (n = 3 mice/group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus air-exposed mice.

Article Snippet: Cytokine ELISAs Linco Cytokine-16 plex Mouse ELISA was performed for IL-4, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF, and IL-17 ((Millipore, Billerica, MA), per the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Multiplex Assay, Cytokine Assay

Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: An Anti-Inflammatory Role for Carbon Monoxide and Heme Oxygenase-1 in Chronic Th2-Mediated Murine Colitis

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002433

Figure Lengend Snippet: The HO-1 inducer CoPP ameliorates colitis in TCRα−/− mice. Twelve-week-old TCRα−/− mice were treated with i.p. injection of CoPP (5 mg/kg, twice a week for 2 wk) (n = 8), and control mice were treated with DMSO vehicle i.p. (n = 12). A, CoPP-injected mice had less severe colitis. B, Spontaneous protein secretion determined in 24-h supernatants from colonic explants from CoPP-treated (5 mg/kg) and vehicle-treated (DMSO) TCRα−/− mice. C, Spontaneous IL-4 was determined by cytokine-specific ELISA, and IL-1β, TNF, and IL-17 secretion were determined by Linco 16-multiplex cytokine assay. Bars represent mean ± SEM from 12 mice per group. D, LPMCs were isolated from colons of TCRα−/− mice treated with CoPP (black bars) and vehicle (white bars), separated into CD11b− and CD11b+ cells, and analyzed for Hmox1 expression by real-time RT-PCR, with results normalized to β-actin. E, IL-10 secretion was determined by ELISA. Each result represents the mean ± SEM of triplicate assays from four mice/treatment group. *p < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated mice.

Article Snippet: Cytokine ELISAs Linco Cytokine-16 plex Mouse ELISA was performed for IL-4, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF, and IL-17 ((Millipore, Billerica, MA), per the manufacturer's instructions.

Techniques: Injection, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Multiplex Assay, Cytokine Assay, Isolation, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR